Jurafsky, Dan and James Martin. 2008. Speech and Language Processing (2nd Ed.). Englewood, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Jurafsky and Martin 2nd ed., Chapter 1 is available online.
The first two chapters of Kozen are available here for the next couple of weeks until you purchase your personal copy.
Stuart Anderson, Murray Cole, Paul Jackson, Martin Grohe, Don Sannella, and Mary Cryan. 2004. Inf1A: Regular Expressions
Anderson, Stuart. 2006. Inf2A: Introduction to Semantics. Lecture Notes, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.
Vidal, Enrique, Franck Thollard, Colin de la Higuera, Francisco Casacuberta, and Rafael C. Carrasco. 2005. Probabilistic Finite-State Machines Part I. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(7), 1013-1025.
Vidal, Enrique, Franck Thollard, Colin de la Higuera, Francisco Casacuberta, and Rafael C. Carrasco. 2005. Probabilistic Finite-State Machines Part II. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(7), 1026-1039.
Rosenberg, Arnold. 1979. The Hardest Natural Languages Lingvisticae Investigationes III:2, 323-339.
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